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Abstract. Time-Space-Oscillation, TSO, is a comprehensive theory^1;2) TSO considers the physical world as constituted of (» 10⁸⁰) harmonic T-S-oscillators, approximately corresponding to the mass/energy of a neutron. TSO describes the physical phenomena by stoichimetric, simple equations and in terms of constitutive quantum parameters, i.e. the harmonic oscillatory amplitudes of force F_o and of time-space (A_T, and A_o=cA_T). Together with the constants , c and ħ, these parameters give quantitative accounts for both cosmic and quantum phenomena including the enigmatic formation of matter, mass and charge.

The derivation of TSO is based on the fact that Einstein’s formula E=mc² is not relativistic but identical to the old formula for oscillatory motion E=m(A_o)²/2, when the velocity amplitude (A_o)=c2. This unveiling enables a combination with Planck’s E= ħ and the work formula E=F_oA_o/2, which yields correct relations between the parameters, but not their exact harmonic values. Thus the very clue to TSO is to determine its harmonic mass m_o or force F_o, which requires an intuitive extrapolation. It is evaluated by aid of the neutron mass to F_n=0,10136.10⁷N and extrapolated to a function F_o= 10⁷/²=0,10132.10⁷N. This strong oscillatory force corresponds to the harmonic mass m_o of exactly one proton with a hidden positron plus one from the TSO-unit dissociated electron. When dissociated from the harmonic TSO, the electron becomes a weak oscillatory force F_e=1,000067.10^-9c.

One perspective presents Planck’s ħ [M²] as an equilibrium constant according to the equations ħ=F_oA_oA_T/22 and ħ=m_oc²m_oc2/F_o, which even elucidate the very characteristics of the uncertainty principle. The latter equation describes the state of any “stationary” particle (if F_o and m_o are mutually adjusted). But if the energy and momentum of the particle is increased by an additional velocity, the equilibrium collapses and a secondary action pulse of space appears ħ=nA_o²[M²] i.e. the de Broglie wave. Hereby Planck’s ħ fits into classical and causal physics without need of any theory of relativity. But as subatomic entities are oscillators with individual phase constants, outside our control, our measurements will give values of only wave-statistical character. Physics is not probabilistic. It is causal but dependent on the oscillatory character of all fundamental quantum units.

An unexpected result is that the space and time amplitudes A_o and A_T are related to Planck’s length L_P and time T_P according to A_o² =10⁴¹L_P² F_o/c. It reveals that gravitation is the weak coupling between a space oscillator (A_o²) of this side and a time oscillator (A_T²) of the other side with G=22.10^-41.c⁵/F_o²=6,6718765.10^-11. The A_o²/L_P² ratio reveals the size or reach of Universe 10⁴¹= 1,32.10²⁶ [M] and that each of its 10⁸⁰ TSO-units contributes an odd expansive force +F_o/2 on this side and an odd constricting force –F_o/2 on the other side, which balances it

The A_o/L_P ratio even elucidates the formation of mass and charge, and it enables an exact account of the elementary charge and the electron and proton masses. A study of how TSO-units accrete to composite oscillators, to deuteron, -particles and heavy nuclides, reveals a consistent Mendelejev system for nuclides. It is constituted of up to 6 shells with the nucleons arranged in reiterated geometrical patterns. The study also shows that the strong nuclear force of present physics does not exist. The nucleons of a nuclide are simply kept together by the impact of the oscillatory force F_o. The elements designated as magic are just those, which have the maximal impact per utmost shell area.

An aspect of TSO is its limitation to two dimensions, meter [M] and second [S]. This may first appear as a drawback, but enables a “dimensional mathematics” of great value. By this mathematics the outcome of interactions between different physical phenomena and parameters can be pictured similar to reactions between substances in chemistry. Further it enables us to consider physical interactions from two sides, from the “physical” side with its intensity parameters of fields and forces and from the “stoichiometric” side with its constitutive parameters of space, time and mass. One example is that Planck’s ħ [M²] and the enigmatic Poynting vector S [S^-2] describes the same interaction of energy flow, one from this side of 3-D space and the other from the other side of 3-D time.

Appendix 1 TSO-Units - Relations, Values and Dimensions

TSO refers to the fundamental harmonic Time-Space-Oscillator that creates the physical world. This table contains the TSO-units, their values, their stoichimetric relations and their fundamental dimensions {which are only meter [M] and second [S]}. TSO relies basically only on the three natural constants c, ħ and p plus the strong oscillatory force F_o=10⁷/² (with impedance amplitude I_mo=F_o/c) and the space amplitude A_o (with time amplitude A_T=A_o/c). All other units are related to them and to each other as indicated in this table. The fundamental harmonic mass appears in TSO as m_o=I_moA_T/2= 1,674557.10^-27 kg [S], a mass that does not correspond to a single particle but to one proton including a hidden positron plus one dissociated electron. As we here count with amplitudes the factor 1/2 frequently appears, which here corresponds to the half period averaged value of the amplitude units. At the end of the table also the dissociated electron units are given together with the gravitational constant G as it appears in TSO and ħ as it is related to the harmonic mass mo and to the inharmonic mass of the electron me.

Appendix 2 TSO and MKSC dimensions of physical units

Osc. impedance (Imo) [1] KS^-1

Temperature (K) [M²S^-1] M2 KS^-2

Capacitance (Farad F) [S] M^-2K^-1S²C²

Electric field (V/M E) [S^-1] MKS^-2C^-1

Magn. field (Tesla B) [M^-1] KS^-1C^-1

El. Permittivity Î _o [M^-1S] M^-3K^-1S²C²

Magn. Permeability _o [M^-1S] MKC^-2 = (M^-1H)

Magn. Constant K_m=10^-7 [M^-1S]