TO THE QUESTION OF NEW INTERPRETATIONS OF MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION OF THE TERRESTRIAL STRUCTURE, CONSEQUENCES THEREFROM AND SOME WAYS OF implementation OF THE INNOVATIONS

Smirnov E. Ya.

Saint Petersburg State University, Interdisciplinary center
199178, 14^th liniya, 29, Saint Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: smirnov@ps8019.spb.edu Telephone: 7(812)3560164

Two projects «Creation of a Computing Complex for Automated Prognosis of Mines-and-Carries that are Connected to Certain Levels of Ore Generation» (see in Internet http://tspm.icape.ru/geya/eng/lab_e.htm) and «Creation of a Computing Complex for the Study of Evolution of the Terrestrial Structure on the Account of Sciences of the Earth» (see ibid.) are described. The first project is founded on the results of investigations of Saint Petersburg scientists about spatiotemporal regularities of mineral deposits generation, about ways of accounting for the deformations of the Earth's crust and determination of characteristics of spatiotemporal regularities. In the second project some non-traditional models of the terrestrial magnetic field generation mechanism are proposed that do not conflict with the available metrical information; of the mechanisms of tectonic forces action, earth-quakes, dislocations of Earth's crust, underground waters and magma; of the process of generation of ores of the volcanic and hydrothermal types. Some difficulties of introduction of innovations are discussed as well as the ways of their overcoming.

Instead of Introduction

Over a period of years I have been trying to organize specific work on realization of the scientific project «Creation of a Computing Complex for Automated Prognosis of Mines-and-Carries Confined to Certain Levels of Ore Generation» (see the project GAYA [1] as well as [6], [7]) and to find like-minded fellows for preparation of the background for launching the project «Creation of a Computing Complex for the Study of Evolution of the Terrestrial Structure on the Account of Sciences of the Earth» (see the project HEPHAESTUS [2]). My projects deals with creation of «automated» computing systems, although in perspective of «automatic» ones also, of course.

In the project HEPHAESTUS some non-traditional models of a mechanism of the terrestrial magnetic field generation are proposed (the models are logically consistent and don't contradict the available metrical information); of mechanisms of tectonic forces action, earth-quakes, dislocations of the earth's crust, underground waters and magma; the process of generation of ores of volcanic and hydrothermal types, that explain the Earth's magnetic field and ore-formation regularities determined by geologists and geophysicists. This project is supported by the RANS (Russian Academy of Natural Sciences) — there is an official recommendation signed by the late academician of the RANS Victor Yevguenievich Popov. According to V. Y. Popov's proposition, the project HEPHAESTUS was presented for familiarization to the scientific community at the International Congress on the Basic Problems of Natural Science in the year of 1998 (see also [3] - [5]). The background of the project HEPHAESTUS ideas has been reported at the Congress on the Basic Problems of Natural Science and Technique in the year 2000 (reports "On the Genesis and Evolution of Stars and Planets", "Some Considerations on the Structure of the Matter and Evolution of Mind" are available on a CD of the materials of this Congress and on the geological site of my laboratory in Internet (see http://tspm.icape.ru/welcome.html, as well as [8], [9])).

The plausibility of my concepts of evolution in comparison with Schmidt's and Oparin's evolutionary concepts (from the point of view of the probability theory) is much higher, but it is impossible to prove their truthfulness, as well as that of any other evolutionary concepts of natural science. Nevertheless, on the intuitive level I feel that my interpretations in professionals' hands would become a good (and well-working) instrument. There is an impression that having a professional look at the available metrical information from the angle of my conceptions, one can accept some interesting (also from the point of view of applications) results in the area of the Earth sciences. In the first place it concerns the prognosis of Earth-quakes, dislocations of the Earth's crust, underground waters and magma, and the prognosis of mineral deposits, including oil and gas.

On the foundation of the projects

The first project is founded on the original results of the investigations of Saint Petersburg scientists about spatiotemporal regularities of mineral deposits generation, about the mechanism of genesis and action of tectonic forces, about ways of accounting for the Earth's crust deformations and determination of characteristics of spatiotemporal regularities in methods of prognosis of mineral deposits.

The subjects of the project are as follows:

1) Development of updated geologic-genetic models of polymetallic deposits confined to radial-circular structures;

2) Development of mathematical algorithms for methods of prognosis, key positions of which being as follows:

- using terrestrial measurements and the information obtained from exploratory bore-wells, one constructs by a numerical method the direct and inverse operators of the deformation of the earth's crust area concerned;

- with the help of the inverse operator one makes the reconstruction of the pre-fold condition of this area of the earth's crust, including ore bodies and anomalies that have been found while carrying out the exploration work;

- using the regularities of pre-fold locations of ore formations, with the help of the reconstructed ore bodies and anomalies one calculates the remaining pre-fold ore bodies and with the help of direct operator of deformation one determines their post-fold location and form (the real characteristics of ore bodies are to be specified through additional local boring).

In the regions where exploration boring hasn't been performed yet, these methods allow to localize essentially the regions of the research of mineral deposits. In the regions where exploration boring has already been performed, these methods allow, using the data of executed boring works, to make the forecast of both the new mineral deposits and the missed ore bodies. In this case the prognosis gives not only the coordinates of ore bodies, but also the position of these bodies in space, as well as their productivity and composition. The proposed methods could prove the maximum efficiency in comparison with other ways if there are data of boring from several geographically remote areas of the region, and the deformation of the earth's crust is essential.

The second project is founded on the following concept of the Earth's structure evolution (see project HEPHAESTUS, p. 3 http://tspm.icape.ru/geya/eng/lab_e.htm): the core of the contemporary Earth is solid and practically totally consists of magnetized iron at the temperature close to absolute zero. Between the cold solid core and the hot flowing fluid mantle there is a kind of thermonuclear reactor converting the substance of the core surface into the substance of the mantle and thus increasing monotonously the volume of the Earth. The Earth's crust consists at least of two solid layers that monotonously (with local interruptions) rotate one relatively to another, and that are split into distorted tectonic plates, the mutual interaction of those layers mainly determining the mechanisms of tectonic processes.

The above described concept of the evolution of the Earth's structure, as distinct from other concepts of this kind, not only is void of evident contradictions with the observed processes occurring in the Earth, but gives an additional information for interpretation of the actual observations. E. g.:

- the thermal radiation of the Earth may be explained both by the presence of the hot core and by the presence of the above described hot thermonuclear reactor, but in this case the hot core coheres badly with the existence of the strong magnetic field of the Earth, whereas the cold core and the hot thermonuclear reactor aren't in contradiction with the existence of the strong magnetic field of the Earth, for they are just the factor that generates it;

- there are different interpretations of the structure of the Earth's core and the zone between the core and the mantle, that are based on the analysis of seismic measurements. In this case in all the calculations it is considered that seismic waves expand in the «immobile ambience», though the geophysical data indicate that there are «vortexes in the zone between the mantle and the core. The concept of the project HEPHAESTUS interprets the mentioned zone as a zone of the thermonuclear reactor, i.e. the zone where there are powerful flows of charged particles shifting the seismic waves getting in this zone. Ignorance of this circumstance may involve essential inaccuracies in the calculations and consequently corrupt considerably the real picture;

- as it is known, simultaneously with the mechanical tension the associated magnetic field appears, and there is a certain correlation between their characteristics. The satellite monitoring makes it possible to reveal in the depth of the Earth the anomalous zones of the magnetic field of the Earth that are conditioned by the mechanical tension, and consequently, to find the zones of the mechanical tensions and to obtain an idea of their characteristics, spatial ones in particular. The configuration (spatial and magnetic) of the anomalous zone which is a place of "clutch" generating earth-quake (see p. 3 of the project HEPHAESTUS) enables to calculate, on the basis of deterministic principles, the characteristics of a future earth-quake in the anomalous zone;

- in some cases one can explain the observed rises and depressions of the areas of the earth's crust and the movement of the underground waters by relative movement of different layers of the earth's crust. Basing on the concept of the relative rotation of the earth's crust layers and the data of the seismography of the borders of separating inner-terrestrial surfaces, one can make a deterministic prognosis of vertical displacements of the earth's crust areas and of ground waters circulation.

Some of the reasons of counteraction to an innovation and about the ways of its implantation

The advancements on the way of realization of my projects are almost null, although a "yes" concerning the project GAYA has been pronounced repeatedly, whereas a "no" to both projects (see p. 2.2. of the project GAYA) has been spoken not a single time. Thinking about this, I have come to the conclusion that the basic reasons are the destructive egocentrism caused by the difficult financial position of Russian scientists, and natural rejection of new interpretations, although non-contradictory, but unconventional ones. I suppose that this rejection is the action of conservative stereotypes of thinking, and in this point I totally agree with the academician of RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences) V. N. Strakhov (see [10]), but I would like to make some remarks. I would like to hope that the following statements that are surely well-known and probably everlasting, would be nevertheless to the point.

About stereotypes

To my understanding, stereotypes are fundamental natural mechanisms of stabilization (fixation) of some processes of the self-organization in the nature, particularly, unconditioned and conditioned reflexes of any degree of complexity (motional, intellectual, behavioral and others). That's why breaking stereotypes is a hard and often desperate deal, because an attack on the stereotypes activates stereotypes of self-protection: one just knows that even "the good" if it is dictated, provokes protest, and transforms to "the evil". After having got many bumps on my head (figuratively speaking) in this walk of life, I would like to talk not about breaking of stereotypes, but about their modification (alteration up to liquidation) and creation of new stereotypes, bearing in themselves actual destruction of old (obsolete) stereotypes.

About new interpretations (models) and paradigms

As I suppose, for more successful promotion of new, more adequate interpretations and more progressive paradigms one ought to create and bring into the public conscience several new stereotypes that could help to make the process of cognition more evolutionary and less revolutionary than it is now. I present my vision of some of such generally well-known stereotypes:

- “Everybody, when making conclusions, is directed by his own experience. Therefore during discussions of any kind the participants first of all should exchange not only their points of view, but also the information that has given rise to these points of view.”

- “The truth of hypotheses of natural sciences, concepts, theories, paradigms, and wordings of corresponding natural laws is unprovable in principle. But their falsity may be established either by way of finding logical errors, or by presentation of contradictory reliable metrical data.”

- “The natural-science theories are based generally on incomplete axiomatics. If nevertheless the axiomatics of any theory appears to be complete, it is unprovable in principle. That's why the conclusions of a theory based on determined interpretations can't be an argument "pro" or "contra" the conclusions of any other theory based on other interpretations.”

- “The way of development of science isn't a sequence of its crises, but a sequence of successful and faulty steps that lead to the perfection of the cognition of the world.”

About the “basic”, in my opinion, sticking point

As I see it, nowadays in Russia the basic obstacle on the way of implantation of new interpretations and paradigms is the circumstance, that, when they are changed, obsolete scientific schools automatically lose finances and consequently the scientists lose their sources of mere livelihood. That's why even ordinary people (not refined self-centered men) have to resist any innovations in order to survive. In view of this, as long as in the public conscience and, for the first time, in the minds of ruling bureaucrats the stereotypes aren't implanted, the stereotypes bearing in themselves the respect for scientists and their assurance in their social security, such as: “the commonwealth of the state is the higher, the higher is the level of the development of science”; “a scientist's labor is a hard and complex labor and it ought to be well respected and well paid”; “the time of re-qualification of a scientist is considerably longer than the time of re-qualification, for example, of a machinist”, — the perspectives of implantation of new interpretations and paradigms are not bright. In order to hasten the arrival of such a longed-for time when researchers would not be afraid to lose their livelihood in the process of development of science, the scientists, to my deep conviction, ought to unite and act in a wide front.

References

1. Смирнов Е.Я. Создание компьютерного комплекса для автоматизированного прогноза месторождений полезных ископаемых, приуроченных к определенным уровням рудообразования. - Проект ГЕЯ {Smirnov E.Ya. Creation of a Computing Complex for Automated Prognosis of Mines-and-Carries that are Connected to Certain Levels of Ore Generation. The project GAYA}

http://tspm.icape.ru/geya/win/geya.htm.

2. Смирнов Е.Я. Создание компьютерного комплекса для изучения эволюции структуры Земли в интересах наук о Земле. {Smirnov E.Ya. Creation of a Computing Complex for the Study of Evolution of the Terrestrial Structure on the Account of Sciences of the Earth}

http://tspm.icape.ru/geya/eng/lab_e.htm.

3. Smirnov E.Ya. "To the Problem of Earth Structure Evolution" - International Conference On Systems, Signals, Control, Computers (SSCC'98), 1998, Durban, South Africa; Ref. No. 0325.

4. Смирнов Е.Я. О международном проекте "Создание компьютерного комплекса для изучения эволюции структуры Земли в интересах наук о Земле". – Труды международного конгресса "Фундаментальные проблемы естествознания", СПб, 1998. {Smirnov E.Ya. On an International Project " Creation of a Computing Complex for the Study of Evolution of the Terrestrial Structure on the Account of Sciences of the Earth". — Acta of the International Congress "Fundamental Problems of Natural Sciences", Saint Petersburg, 1998} http://tspm.icape.ru/geya/eng/Gefest_e.htm

5. Smirnov E.Ya. "On Some Aspects of the International Project "Creation of a Software for the Study of the Earth Structure Evolution in the Interests of the Earth Sciences".-IUGG 1999 Symposia, Birmingham UK, 1999. Reference No 122438.

6. Попов В.Е., Смирнов Е.Я., Стромов В.А. "Палеореконструкции дислоцированных структур рудных полей и их компьютерное моделирование". - Международная конференция "Модели вулканогенно-осадочных рудообразующих систем", СПб, 1999. c.122-123. {Popov V.E., Smirnov E.Ya., Stromov V.A. "Paleoreconstructions of Dislocated Structures of Ore Fields and their Computer-Aided Modelling" — International Conference "Models of Volcanogenic-Sedimentary Oreforming Systems", Saint Petersburg, 1999}

7. Popov V.E., Smirnov E.Ya., Stromov V.A.. Paleoreconstruction of Dislocated Ore Fields and their Computer Modelling.- Models of Volcanogenic-Sedimentary Oreforming Systems. Abstract of International Conference. St.-Petersburg. 1999. p. 239-240.

8. Смирнов Е.Я. "О происхождении и эволюции звезд и планет". - Тезисы докладов Международного Конгресса-2000 “Фундаментальные проблемы естествознания и техники”, с.57. СПб 2000, {Smirnov E.Ya., "On Origination and Evolution of Stars and Planets". — Theses of Reports of the International Congress-2000 "Fundamental Problems of Natural Sciences". p. 57, Saint Petersburg, 2000}. See also the CD with materials of this congress.

9. Е.Я. Смирнов. "Некоторые соображения по поводу структуры материи и эволюции Разума" - там же, с. 54. {Smirnov E.Ya. "Some Considerations on the Structure of Matter and Evolution of the Mind" — ibid., p. 54}

10. В.Н. Страхов. "Главнейшая задача в развитии теории и практики интерпретации потенциальных полей в начале XXI века - разрушение господствующего стереотипа мышления" - "ГЕОФИЗИКА", N 1, с. 3-18, 2001. {V.N. Strakhov. "The Most Important Task in the Development of Theory and Practice of Interpretation of the Potential Fields in the Early 21^st Century — the Destruction of the Dominant Mental Stereotype" — "GEOPHYSICS", No 1, pp. 3–18, 2001}.